What was the French Revolution?
The Causes
1. Enlightenment Ideas
*The French were inspired by the philosophers of the Enlightenment and their ideas/theories
*Also inspired by the American Revolution success 1775 to 1783
2. Bankruptcy of Government
*King Louis XIV had spent almost all France's treasury
3. SociaL Inequalities
*Large differences between the rich and the poor
*The French were inspired by the philosophers of the Enlightenment and their ideas/theories
*Also inspired by the American Revolution success 1775 to 1783
2. Bankruptcy of Government
*King Louis XIV had spent almost all France's treasury
3. SociaL Inequalities
*Large differences between the rich and the poor
The French Estates
1. The first estate was made up of the clergy (religious leaders)
2. The second estate was made up of the nobility
3. The third estate was made up of the bourgeoise, wage earners, and the peasantry. Together they made up more than 90% of the population
2. The second estate was made up of the nobility
3. The third estate was made up of the bourgeoise, wage earners, and the peasantry. Together they made up more than 90% of the population
How did the French Revolution begin?!
Spring of 1789...
1. The third estate writes the Tennis Court Oath which ended up having very little effect on the king
July 14th 1789...
The Storming of the Bastille
1. A hungry Paris mob storms the Bastille which was a prison because it was a symbol of the King's government
2. The army of the king refuses to stop them
3. This was considered the beginning of the French Revolution
August 4th 1789...
"Declaration of the Right of Man" is written
1. King was forced to sign and agree to uphold it
2. Contains Enlightenment ideas
3. French Revolution Slogan: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
1789 to 1791; New Constitution
1. Created by the National Assembly
2. Creates a limited Monarchy in France with much more power for the people
Death to the King...
1. King Louis XIV was put on trail on December 1792
2. He was charged with being a traitor to the people of France
3. He was found guilty and sentenced to DEATH
The Reign of Terror...
1. The period after Louis 's execution from 1793 to 1794
2. During this time thousands of "Anti-Revolutionary" people were put to death (About 40,000)
3. Everyone was controlled by the Jacobsen's
1. The third estate writes the Tennis Court Oath which ended up having very little effect on the king
July 14th 1789...
The Storming of the Bastille
1. A hungry Paris mob storms the Bastille which was a prison because it was a symbol of the King's government
2. The army of the king refuses to stop them
3. This was considered the beginning of the French Revolution
August 4th 1789...
"Declaration of the Right of Man" is written
1. King was forced to sign and agree to uphold it
2. Contains Enlightenment ideas
3. French Revolution Slogan: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
1789 to 1791; New Constitution
1. Created by the National Assembly
2. Creates a limited Monarchy in France with much more power for the people
Death to the King...
1. King Louis XIV was put on trail on December 1792
2. He was charged with being a traitor to the people of France
3. He was found guilty and sentenced to DEATH
The Reign of Terror...
1. The period after Louis 's execution from 1793 to 1794
2. During this time thousands of "Anti-Revolutionary" people were put to death (About 40,000)
3. Everyone was controlled by the Jacobsen's
Fun Facts
The Guillotine:
1. Was used by the French to execute criminals
2. Was meant to be a more "humane" death
3. Audiences to guillotining told many stories of blinking eyelids, speaking, moving eyes, and movement of the mouth after a beheading
1. Was used by the French to execute criminals
2. Was meant to be a more "humane" death
3. Audiences to guillotining told many stories of blinking eyelids, speaking, moving eyes, and movement of the mouth after a beheading
Terms to Refer to
Oligarchy: A form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons or in a dominant group
Jacobsen's: A group during the French Revolution that were invested in pushing the movement further
Nationalism: An extreme feeling of superiority for your country over others
Jacobsen's: A group during the French Revolution that were invested in pushing the movement further
Nationalism: An extreme feeling of superiority for your country over others
Napoleon's Rise to Power
1. Born in 1769 in Corsica to a noble father
2. In 1785 ,at the age of , he became an officer in the French army
3. He won great battles for the French and was promoted to Major General by 1795 at 26 years old
4. On November 11th 1799, he seized control in France and created a new Constitution
5. He named himself the First Consul, he was one of the three leaders making France an Oligarchy
6. His popularity and power made it possible for him to crown himself Emperor on December 2nd, 1804 at 35 years old.
*Although unlike every other Emperor, Napoleon crowned himself with the Pope
2. In 1785 ,at the age of , he became an officer in the French army
3. He won great battles for the French and was promoted to Major General by 1795 at 26 years old
4. On November 11th 1799, he seized control in France and created a new Constitution
5. He named himself the First Consul, he was one of the three leaders making France an Oligarchy
6. His popularity and power made it possible for him to crown himself Emperor on December 2nd, 1804 at 35 years old.
*Although unlike every other Emperor, Napoleon crowned himself with the Pope
How did France change under Napoleon?
Under the King
Education:
*Only the privileged went to school *They were run by churches *They were taught respect for elders and religion Governing France: *Had absolute power (could not be removed) *People has no say in government *The king made all the laws and most were outdated, like the Estate System |
Under Napoleon
Education:
*Four grades 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Lycee's or military *Stressed importance of obedience and military values *Science and math became very important *In 1814, 9000 pupils were attending 36 different Lycee's Governing France: *Could not be removed *Had National Assembly members voted in by Napoleon *After 1804, there were no elections |
The Revolution
Education:
*School was now for everyone *State school was proposed but none were made up *The aim was to encourage pupils to investigate and ask questions Governing France: *No single ruler *National Assembly was elected through voting men *Assembly made all the laws and new laws were introduced to France |
The End of Napoleon
Napoleon's Empire Grows:
1. By 1810 Napoleon had tremendously expanded French territory through military conquests
2. Some countries were now considered Satellite States, which meant they were dependent on France
Napoleon's Fall from Power:
1. Growth of nationalism in Satellite States
2. Block of trade from Great Britain hurt the economy of many satellite states
3. Removing the royals from Spain and replacing them with Napoleon's brother, Joseph which greatly angered the Spanish
4. Invasion of Russia
*The French attacked Russia in 1812 with 650,000 men
*The French won the first battle in the summer of 1812 and began to gain confidence
*Russians began retreating towards Moscow while destroying and burning their towns as they went
*The winter soon came and the French were forced to retreat without any resources
*Only 38,000 men survived the journey
The Official End of Napoleon:
1.He was banished to the island of Elba in 1814
2. He invaded France again in1815 with an army of his own
3. All of Europe united to fight against him
4. He was captured at the Battle of Waterloo and died in 1821
1. By 1810 Napoleon had tremendously expanded French territory through military conquests
2. Some countries were now considered Satellite States, which meant they were dependent on France
Napoleon's Fall from Power:
1. Growth of nationalism in Satellite States
2. Block of trade from Great Britain hurt the economy of many satellite states
3. Removing the royals from Spain and replacing them with Napoleon's brother, Joseph which greatly angered the Spanish
4. Invasion of Russia
*The French attacked Russia in 1812 with 650,000 men
*The French won the first battle in the summer of 1812 and began to gain confidence
*Russians began retreating towards Moscow while destroying and burning their towns as they went
*The winter soon came and the French were forced to retreat without any resources
*Only 38,000 men survived the journey
The Official End of Napoleon:
1.He was banished to the island of Elba in 1814
2. He invaded France again in1815 with an army of his own
3. All of Europe united to fight against him
4. He was captured at the Battle of Waterloo and died in 1821