Basics of Renaissance and Reformation
Renaissance: French Derived; meaning rebirth
Took place between 1300 and 1500 CE
This "rebirth" is most noticed by its increase in the arts and learning
Took place between 1300 and 1500 CE
This "rebirth" is most noticed by its increase in the arts and learning
Causes of the Renaissance Leads to...
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Italian City-States
Terms to know:
Guild: An organization of persons with similar interests and goal. Known now as a Union
City-States: A sovereign state consisting of an autonomous city with its dependencies
Guild: An organization of persons with similar interests and goal. Known now as a Union
City-States: A sovereign state consisting of an autonomous city with its dependencies
- Each Italian city-state conducted their own trade, collected their own taxes, and made their own laws
- Guild members were now called Boards
- Most of western Europe was made up of fiefs ruled by nobles, above nobles were the monarchs
- Some City-states were, Republics governed by elected councils. Council members included commoners as well as the nobles
Development of Art
Classical Art Medieval Art Renaissance Art
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Advances in the Renaissance
Advances in Paintings...
1. Briefly describe two Renaissance advances in painting styles
a. The discovery of perspective which painters used to create depth on flat surfaces
b. Science helped artists make advance like geometric figures
2. Briefly describe two Renaissance advances in techniques for painting
a. They would use different techniques to show the size of an object (ex. To make an object, look far away just paint it smaller)
b. If they painted lines closer together, the object would get a feeling of depth
1. Briefly describe two Renaissance advances in painting styles
a. The discovery of perspective which painters used to create depth on flat surfaces
b. Science helped artists make advance like geometric figures
2. Briefly describe two Renaissance advances in techniques for painting
a. They would use different techniques to show the size of an object (ex. To make an object, look far away just paint it smaller)
b. If they painted lines closer together, the object would get a feeling of depth
Advances in Sculptures...
1. Briefly describe two ways in which Renaissance sculpture was different from medieval sculpture
a. They were free-standing instead of with reliefs
b. Now had emotion and mood
2. What was so amazing about Donatello' s David? About Michelangelo's David?
a. Donatello's David was the first life like statue and very natural/ life like
b. Michelangelo's David was the ideal idea of male beauty and reflects humanist ideas. As well as showing the concentration, and tension of youth in the statue
1. Briefly describe two ways in which Renaissance sculpture was different from medieval sculpture
a. They were free-standing instead of with reliefs
b. Now had emotion and mood
2. What was so amazing about Donatello' s David? About Michelangelo's David?
a. Donatello's David was the first life like statue and very natural/ life like
b. Michelangelo's David was the ideal idea of male beauty and reflects humanist ideas. As well as showing the concentration, and tension of youth in the statue
Advances in Literature...
1. What was writing like during the Middle Ages?
a. Dealt with religious topics
b. Used a formal and impersonal style
c. Most pieces were written in Latin so only a few educated people could understand it
2. What was Renaissance writing like?
a. About more Secular topics
b. Used more individual style and expressed thoughts and feelings about life
C. By the end of the century most writing were writing in their own dialect
1. What was writing like during the Middle Ages?
a. Dealt with religious topics
b. Used a formal and impersonal style
c. Most pieces were written in Latin so only a few educated people could understand it
2. What was Renaissance writing like?
a. About more Secular topics
b. Used more individual style and expressed thoughts and feelings about life
C. By the end of the century most writing were writing in their own dialect
Advances in Architecture...
1. How did Architecture change and improve during the Renaissance?
a. Began to build more rounded arches, straight columns, and doomed roofs
b. Wealthy families built private townhouses (Palazzi) and many had stores on ground floor and houses above
2. How did engineering improvements help architecture?
a. Engineering helped teach the architects how to make more difficult levels of buildings
3. How did Brunelleschi build a dome that would not collapse?
a. No internal support beams or columns
b. Eight huge stone arches met at the top of the dome and leaned against each other
c. Hoops of iron, wood, and brick wrapped around the arches
1. How did Architecture change and improve during the Renaissance?
a. Began to build more rounded arches, straight columns, and doomed roofs
b. Wealthy families built private townhouses (Palazzi) and many had stores on ground floor and houses above
2. How did engineering improvements help architecture?
a. Engineering helped teach the architects how to make more difficult levels of buildings
3. How did Brunelleschi build a dome that would not collapse?
a. No internal support beams or columns
b. Eight huge stone arches met at the top of the dome and leaned against each other
c. Hoops of iron, wood, and brick wrapped around the arches
Contributors to the advancement of the Renaissance
Contributors Accomplishments
Who was Shakespeare?
Without him
Mass confusion would be gone
No more theories to be proven
Was he really born on April 16th?
Nobody knows
Whole years disappeared
Twins appeared
Both Hamnet and Judith
Yes now maybe they are
Hamlet and Juliet
But only theories to evolve
Bought houses to only go in once
Married a pregnant Anne
In plays, he is well
But only to be famous for his writing
Was acknowledged by the king
Yet
We still ask ourselves
Was he real?
Mass confusion would be gone
No more theories to be proven
Was he really born on April 16th?
Nobody knows
Whole years disappeared
Twins appeared
Both Hamnet and Judith
Yes now maybe they are
Hamlet and Juliet
But only theories to evolve
Bought houses to only go in once
Married a pregnant Anne
In plays, he is well
But only to be famous for his writing
Was acknowledged by the king
Yet
We still ask ourselves
Was he real?
Important terms to refer to:
Renaissance: The time period in history where there was a rebirth of ideas
Humanism: Philosophy that believed in the world and value of the individual
Patrons: A person who supports the arts, literature, etc. by supplying them with money
Secular: Focus on beliefs that are non-religious
Sect: A group with its own beliefs and practices
Printing Press: An invention that used movable type to create mass production of written material
Indulgence: A grant by the church that released a person from their sins
Martin Luther: A monk in Germany who wrote the 95 Theses against indulgences
Denomination: A particular religious grouping within a larger faith
Sacred: Refers to the focus beliefs that are rooted in religion
Reformation: The time period in history when the church was reformed and split into a variety of sects
Renaissance: The time period in history where there was a rebirth of ideas
Humanism: Philosophy that believed in the world and value of the individual
Patrons: A person who supports the arts, literature, etc. by supplying them with money
Secular: Focus on beliefs that are non-religious
Sect: A group with its own beliefs and practices
Printing Press: An invention that used movable type to create mass production of written material
Indulgence: A grant by the church that released a person from their sins
Martin Luther: A monk in Germany who wrote the 95 Theses against indulgences
Denomination: A particular religious grouping within a larger faith
Sacred: Refers to the focus beliefs that are rooted in religion
Reformation: The time period in history when the church was reformed and split into a variety of sects
Who was Machiavelli?
Machiavelli...
1. Was born May 3, 1469
2. Lived in Florence and worked to improve the government of the Medici family
3. His book, The Prince outlined Machiavelli's idea of the ideal government
The Prince said...
1. Dictatorships are the ideal form of government
2. Immortality may be necessary in their rule
3. Rulers should be feared rather than loved
"...In politics a man should be guided by what is, rather than what ought to be"
1. Was born May 3, 1469
2. Lived in Florence and worked to improve the government of the Medici family
3. His book, The Prince outlined Machiavelli's idea of the ideal government
The Prince said...
1. Dictatorships are the ideal form of government
2. Immortality may be necessary in their rule
3. Rulers should be feared rather than loved
"...In politics a man should be guided by what is, rather than what ought to be"
Who was Martin Luther?...No, no not Martin Luther King!
Martin Luther was...
1. A monk in Germany
2. Wrote and posted the 95 Theses on the door of a church. It was a list of arguments against the Catholic Church
How was he heard?
1. With the help of the Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenburg
2. He wrote his ideas in the vernacular or the common language of the people
Effects of the 95 Theses...
1. Three new denominations of Christianity were born:
a. Lutheranism (Founded by Martin Luther)
b. Calvinism (Founded by John Calvin)
c. Anglicanism (Founded by King Henry VIII)
1. A monk in Germany
2. Wrote and posted the 95 Theses on the door of a church. It was a list of arguments against the Catholic Church
How was he heard?
1. With the help of the Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenburg
2. He wrote his ideas in the vernacular or the common language of the people
Effects of the 95 Theses...
1. Three new denominations of Christianity were born:
a. Lutheranism (Founded by Martin Luther)
b. Calvinism (Founded by John Calvin)
c. Anglicanism (Founded by King Henry VIII)