Ancient River Civilizations
Describe the document
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Bullet Points
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Special Information curtsey of Jen
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Fertile Crescent
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Tigris Euphrates River Civilization
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Sumer Artifact
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Nile Hymn
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Indus Valley Map
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Indus Valley
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Yellow River
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Mesopotamia Intro
Describe the geography of the Fertile Crescent
What makes this area unique and special? |
It is a desert land. But, at least once a year the Tigris and Euphrates river would flood Mesopotamia and would leave a thick bed of mud called slit. It became new soil which farmers could harvest enormous amounts of wheat and barley. It is curved shape, like a moon.
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What were the disadvantages to living in this area?
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The flooding of the rivers was unpredictable, and after the flooding receded, the land dried up and was useless. They were a small society and defenseless. Also their natural resources were very limited, like stone, metal, and wood.
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What solutions did they have to develop to fix their environment?
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To provide water they dug irrigation ditches for more surplus crops. For defense they built city walls with mud bricks. They also traded with the people of the mountains and the desert for the things you lacked.
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What set Sumer apart from other societies?
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They had advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institution, record keeping and advanced technology.
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What is cultural diffusion,and how does this help/hurt their society?
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Cultural diffusion is the process of a new idea or a product spreading from one culture to another. They can now trade extra food for things they need, but did not have. Also it could cause competition and fighting
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Science and Technology Advances
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They invented the wheel, sail, plow, arches, columns, and pyramid shape. They were also the first to invent a writing system which was Cuneiform. Also they were the first to invent a math system and circle measurements. They used bronze to make tools and products.
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Terms:
1. Cultural Diffusion: The process of a new idea or a product spreading from one culture to another
2. Pharaohs: A title of an ancient Egyptian king
3. Fertile Crescent: An agricultural region around the Middle East
4. Mesopotamia: An ancient region in west Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates river
1. Cultural Diffusion: The process of a new idea or a product spreading from one culture to another
2. Pharaohs: A title of an ancient Egyptian king
3. Fertile Crescent: An agricultural region around the Middle East
4. Mesopotamia: An ancient region in west Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates river
Who' s your hero?
Every Ancient civilizations since man kind had evolved told stories. These stories were, of course, made up of mostly opinion. But, there always seemed to be a bit of fact involved with the telling of these stories or myths. In Mesopotamia there were three famous myths that were told very often and are still seen often today, but in a more modern version. These myths were usually told to send a message or hope to the civilization of that time. The three myths all tell a different story which is not to be materialistic but to take care of one another.
Definition of Myth: An invented story usually derived from an ancient civilization
Definition of Myth: An invented story usually derived from an ancient civilization
The TorahAnd God said to Noah, "I have determined to make an end of all flesh, for the earth is filled with violence because of them...Make yourself an ark of cypress wood...And of every living thing of all flesh, you shall bring two of every kind into the ark...they shall be male and female"...
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The Epic of GilgameshO man of Shurrupak, son of Ubaratutu; tear down your house and build a boat, abandon possesions and look for life...
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The Fish Incarnation of VishnuOne day, as the sage Man was praying at the river Ganges, a small fish asked for his protection. Manu put the fish in an earthen jar, but soon the fish was too big for the jar. So Manu put it into the river, but soon it outgrew the river. So Manu put the fish in the ocean...
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Government Structure of Mesopotamia
The government of Mesopotamia was ruled under a king. Each king left his own mark but Babylonian King Hammurabi left the largest mark, because of the few magnificent things he did:
1. He created the first legal code
2. The code had 282 laws based on justice and retaliation (an eye for an eye)
3. The code had a different punishment for the various levels of society
1. He created the first legal code
2. The code had 282 laws based on justice and retaliation (an eye for an eye)
3. The code had a different punishment for the various levels of society
An Excerpt from the Code of Hammurabi:
1. If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then
he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judge’s bench, and never again shall he sit there to
render judgment.
2. If anyone owe a debt for a loan, and a storm prostrates the grain or the harvest fail, or the grain does not grow for lack of water; in that year he need not give his creditor any grain, he washes his debt-tablet in water and pays no rent for this year.
1. If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then
he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judge’s bench, and never again shall he sit there to
render judgment.
2. If anyone owe a debt for a loan, and a storm prostrates the grain or the harvest fail, or the grain does not grow for lack of water; in that year he need not give his creditor any grain, he washes his debt-tablet in water and pays no rent for this year.
Ancient Egypt
1. Old Kingdom (2700 - 2150)
-Hieroglyphics and religion develop in Egypt
-The pyramids were built
2. Middle Kingdom (2040 - 1786)
-Extension of Egyptian control into Nubia
3. New Kingdom (1570 - 1075)
-Militaristic/ The Hebrews were enslaved
-Mummification became perfected
Easy way to remember the time period, Old then Middle, then New!
Oh historians, your creativity really is never ending isn't it?
Ba dump bump!
-Hieroglyphics and religion develop in Egypt
-The pyramids were built
2. Middle Kingdom (2040 - 1786)
-Extension of Egyptian control into Nubia
3. New Kingdom (1570 - 1075)
-Militaristic/ The Hebrews were enslaved
-Mummification became perfected
Easy way to remember the time period, Old then Middle, then New!
Oh historians, your creativity really is never ending isn't it?
Ba dump bump!
Geography:
1. Nile River dominates Egyptian world
2. Surrounded by deserts with occasional oasis
-Which permits some trade
-Defense from invasion
(Contributes to feelings of safety)
-Preserves artifacts
1. Nile River dominates Egyptian world
2. Surrounded by deserts with occasional oasis
-Which permits some trade
-Defense from invasion
(Contributes to feelings of safety)
-Preserves artifacts
The Nile:
1. Twice a year the river would flood, and it was always unpredictable.
2. The river encouraged trade, communication, and political unity.
1. Twice a year the river would flood, and it was always unpredictable.
2. The river encouraged trade, communication, and political unity.
Religion:
1. Religion was wide spread and omnipresent around Egypt
2. Polytheistic
-Interaction with natural environment shows interrelated gods and goddesses, yearly rebirth of Nile ,and daily rebirth of the sun.
-They worshipped over two thousand gods
3. Pharaohs were living gods
4. They believed in an afterlife
-There was an evolution of who has an afterlife
-Old vs. New Kingdom ideas
1. Religion was wide spread and omnipresent around Egypt
2. Polytheistic
-Interaction with natural environment shows interrelated gods and goddesses, yearly rebirth of Nile ,and daily rebirth of the sun.
-They worshipped over two thousand gods
3. Pharaohs were living gods
4. They believed in an afterlife
-There was an evolution of who has an afterlife
-Old vs. New Kingdom ideas
Osiris:
1. God of the dead
2. Known as a ruler in the Nile Delta
Horus:
1. God of balance and harmony
2. maintained the natural order, the flow of the Nile, and the fertility of the soil
1. God of the dead
2. Known as a ruler in the Nile Delta
Horus:
1. God of balance and harmony
2. maintained the natural order, the flow of the Nile, and the fertility of the soil
Why build Pyramids?!
1. Belief in the afterlife demanded
-Bodies be interred whole
-Material goods for use in afterlife be present
2. The need to protect the bodies demands good burial tombs
-Bodies be interred whole
-Material goods for use in afterlife be present
2. The need to protect the bodies demands good burial tombs
Mummification (Mummy not mommy ha-ha bu dum bum)
1. No specific time period of when it started in Egypt
2. Perfected by the time of the New Kingdom
3. There were 70 steps in making a mummy...I'll spare you the gruesome details. Sorry Jen!
1. No specific time period of when it started in Egypt
2. Perfected by the time of the New Kingdom
3. There were 70 steps in making a mummy...I'll spare you the gruesome details. Sorry Jen!
The Pharaohs:
1. God-King (unlike Mesopotamia)
-Religious
-Direct descendant of the Sun God (Ra)
-July-September, during the floods life is controlled by the pharaoh
-365 day calendar
1. God-King (unlike Mesopotamia)
-Religious
-Direct descendant of the Sun God (Ra)
-July-September, during the floods life is controlled by the pharaoh
-365 day calendar
Daily Life in Egypt:
1. Cosmetics, cleanliness (bathe 3 times a day), shaves bodies, and wigs were all a requirement
2. Main food was beer and bread (ewww)
-Grow many crops; emmer, barley, flax, lentils, onion, beans, and millet
3. Common building made of sun-dried mud bricks (They could be up to three stories high)
4. The most common job was farming
1. Cosmetics, cleanliness (bathe 3 times a day), shaves bodies, and wigs were all a requirement
2. Main food was beer and bread (ewww)
-Grow many crops; emmer, barley, flax, lentils, onion, beans, and millet
3. Common building made of sun-dried mud bricks (They could be up to three stories high)
4. The most common job was farming
Hieroglyphics
1. There were never any vowels in the written language
2. Was used in temples
3. They used it to tell different stories and myths
2. Was used in temples
3. They used it to tell different stories and myths
Social Class Pyramid of Ancient Egypt
Egyptian Pharaoh Famous for... Bullet Points Known For
Indus Valley
*If a certain fact is bolded, the fact is a main reason for whether or not it is a safe feature*
Physical Feature Description
Ancient China
Geography
- Ancient China was isolated by barriers (ex. Pacific Ocean, Himalayas Mountains)
- Mountain ranges and deserts dominate two thirds of Chinas land mass
- 90% of livable farming land lies between the Huang He and Yangtze in eastern China
- When the Yellow River overflows it leaves a fertile soil called, Loess
- The floods could be great for farming, but could destroy whole towns
The Structure and Roles of Shang Families
Men
1. Made the important decisions 2. Controlled the families property |
Women
1. Were never treated the same as men 2. Had arranged marriages between the age of 13 and 16, which is when she would continue to move in with him |
Children
1. Had to at all costs respect their elders |
The religion of the Shang Dynasty was very complex and built on the belief of many different Gods and Spirits. They also believed in the use of Oracle Bones which could be seen on the left. They spoke to their god, Shang Di and many other smaller gods through Oracle Bones, Animal bones, and tortoise shells. The way that the Oracle Bones worked was that priests would scratch questions into the bones, then they would apply a hot poker to it, which caused the bones to crack. The priests would then interpret the cracks to see how the Gods had answered.
City of Anyang within the Shang Society
Earliest Forms of Chinese Writing...
Was on the Oracle Bones. Although the writing had no relation to the vocal language of Chinese. In Chinese writing, each symbol stood for an idea, not a sound. The written language helped to create a large and diverse land. To be considered barely literate, you had to know at least 1,000 symbol which stood for an idea.
Was on the Oracle Bones. Although the writing had no relation to the vocal language of Chinese. In Chinese writing, each symbol stood for an idea, not a sound. The written language helped to create a large and diverse land. To be considered barely literate, you had to know at least 1,000 symbol which stood for an idea.
Important terms to relate to Ancient Chinese Dynasty:
Feudalism: The political, military, and social system based on the holding of lands in fief
Confucianism: The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius. His disciples stood as, stress in love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct
Daoism: The philosophical system advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events
Legalism: Strict adherence to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit
Feudalism: The political, military, and social system based on the holding of lands in fief
Confucianism: The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius. His disciples stood as, stress in love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct
Daoism: The philosophical system advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events
Legalism: Strict adherence to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit
Feudalism is...
- A political system in which nobles or lords are granted the use of lands that legally belong to the king
- The Zhou Dynasty organized the nobles/lords getting the extra land by giving royal families control over different regions
Confucianism Daoism Legalism
Founder
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Confucius is founder, who was a Chinese philosopher. He lived from 551 - 479 BCE
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Laozi is said to be but some historians think he is a legend . He wrote the "Dao De Jing" when he left China which was an advisor for the Zhou.
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Based on teachings of Hanfeizi who wanted peace and order in society. Lived from 280 - 233 BCE. He was the prince of the royal family.
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Teachings
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Influence
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Influenced Chinese culture for love of scholarship and Chinese social classes
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Encouraged rulers to rule less harshly. Also influenced Chinese thought, writing, and art
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Qin rulers used this policy to run China, Writings were adapted, and strict legalist ideas. Citizens were banished for criticizing the government
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Quotes and/or Interesting Facts
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"Do not do to others what you would not want done to you"
"The gentlemen first practices what he preaches then preaches what he practices" |
"If you do not want your house to be molested by robbers, do not fill it with gold and jade. Wealth, rank, and arrogance add up to ruin, as surely as two and two is four"
1. They believed in eternal life 2. Believed that in life there can be no good without bad and no bad without good or Yin and Yang |
"He who trusts will be controlled by others"
1. Many rulers were overthrown and there was never any trust even within a family |
Great Wall of China
Mandate of Heaven (from the Han Dynasty)...
Wan Chang said: "Is it true that Yao gave the empire to Shun?"
"No," said Mencius. "The emperor cannot give the empire to another"
Wan Chang asked: "In that case who gave the Empire to Shun?"
Mencius said: "Heaven gave it to him"
Wan Chang asked: "You say Heaven gave it to him. Does this mean that Heaven have him detailed and minute instructions?"
Mencius said: "No. Heaven does not speak but reveals itself through its acts and deeds."
Wan Chang asked: "How does Heaven do this?"
Mencius said: "The emperor can recommend a man to Heaven but he can not make Heaven give this man the Empire;...In antiquity, Yao recommended Shun to Heaven and Heaven accepted him; he presented him to the people and the people accepted him. Hence I said, 'Heaven does not speak but reveals itself by acts and deeds"
Wan Chang said: "May I ask how Shun was accepted by Heaven...and how he was accepted by the people when presented to them?"
Mencius said: "...When Shun was put in charge of affairs, they were kept in order and the people were content. This showed that the people accepted him...Heaven sees with the eyes of its people. Heaven hears with the ears of its people."
Wan Chang said: "Is it true that Yao gave the empire to Shun?"
"No," said Mencius. "The emperor cannot give the empire to another"
Wan Chang asked: "In that case who gave the Empire to Shun?"
Mencius said: "Heaven gave it to him"
Wan Chang asked: "You say Heaven gave it to him. Does this mean that Heaven have him detailed and minute instructions?"
Mencius said: "No. Heaven does not speak but reveals itself through its acts and deeds."
Wan Chang asked: "How does Heaven do this?"
Mencius said: "The emperor can recommend a man to Heaven but he can not make Heaven give this man the Empire;...In antiquity, Yao recommended Shun to Heaven and Heaven accepted him; he presented him to the people and the people accepted him. Hence I said, 'Heaven does not speak but reveals itself by acts and deeds"
Wan Chang said: "May I ask how Shun was accepted by Heaven...and how he was accepted by the people when presented to them?"
Mencius said: "...When Shun was put in charge of affairs, they were kept in order and the people were content. This showed that the people accepted him...Heaven sees with the eyes of its people. Heaven hears with the ears of its people."